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Roman Forum and Coliseum on Oct 30, 2018 Rome is not built in one day. We need to know Italy's history. I bought 3 books in Rome and I can briefly to introduce Rome history from the books. Rome was founded on April 21, 753 B.C. Rome was first governed by Kings (753-510 B.C.); then as a Republic by Consuls （古羅馬的）執政官(510-30 B.C.) and finally by Emperors (30 B.C. to 476 A.D.) I will skip the Kings and Republic in ancient time and jump to The Empire. The Emperor Octavian (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.) took the name of "Caesar Augustus". The birth of Jesus Christ. The reign of Augustus coincided with the golden age of Latin literature: this was the era of writers such as Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Livy and Tacitus. 61 A.D. St. Paul visited Rome, entering the city by the ancient Capena gate. During Nero's reign and the Christians were blamed for the great fire. 98-117 A.D. Under Trajan, the Roman Empire reached its maximum expansion. 117-138 A.D. During Hadrian's reign, Rom was at the peak of its architectural splendor. The Empire began to decline between the 2nd and 3rd centuries, as a result of internal crises and because of pressure from barbarian people. 272 A.D. Aurelius began to build the Aurelian Walls as protection against the threat of invasion. 313 A.D. Constantine the Great allowed the Christians freedom of religious practice. In 331 A.D. he transferred the capital of the Empire to Byzantium (Constantitople). 395 A.D. The Roman Empire was definitively divided between the East (Arcadius) and the West (Honorius). 404 A.D. Transfer of the Capital to Ravenna. 410 A.D. Rome sacked by the Goths. 476 A.D. Odoacer's conqueror of Rome put an end to the Roman Empire in the West. The Forum of Julius Caesar, consecrated in 46 B.C. and later finished by Augustus, was the 1st of the Imperial Fora built with the spoils of victory from the Gallic Wars. Formed by a rectangular piazza surrounded on all sides by porticoes, it had at its center the Temple of Venus Genetrix. Trajan's Forum and Trajan's Markets The Forum of Augustus The temple of Venus and Roma The Colosseum The Palatine The Basilica of Maxentius The House of the Vestal Virgins The Temple of Julius Caesar and the Temple of Castor and Pollux The Basilica Julia and the Basilica Emilia The Temple of Saturn and the Temple of Vespasian The Circus Maxiumus Baths of Caracalla Via Appia Antica he Theatre of Marcellus The Island on the Tiber The Pantheon The Hadrian's Mausoleum Castel Sant' Angelo The Vatican City St. Peter's Basilica Sistine Chapel The Vatican Hill and the Ancient Constantinian Basilica           Honesty is the best policy. |
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On 17 March 1861, the Parliament proclaimed Victor Emmanuel King of Italy, and on 27 March 1861 Rome was declared Capital of Italy, even though it was not yet in the new Kingdom. Three months later Cavour died, having seen his life's work nearly completed. Italy unified as one country on March 17, 1861, so Italy is 157 years old. USA declared as a country on July 4, 1776, so USA is 242 years old. Even Italy is an ancient country but younger than USA.   Honesty is the best policy.
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What a shame that all those once magnificent buildings, Roman Forum and Coliseum had been destroyed by barbarian people. The Empire began to decline between the 2nd and 3rd centuries, as a result of internal crises and because of pressure from barbarian people. Assassination of Julius Caesar. The assassination (murder) of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by forty Roman senators, the self-styled Liberatores. They were led by Cassius and Brutus. The senators stabbed Caesar to death in the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March, 15 March 44 BC. Honesty is the best policy.
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There are too many pictures at Roman Forum and Coliseum. I tried to cut less pictures but I want to share with you this good old ancient country - Italy. Honesty is the best policy.
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