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China eases one- policy, abolishes labour camps (News) China's top legislative committee formally approved a loosening of the country's hugely controversial one- policy on Saturday and abolished "re-education through labour" camps, state media reported. The decisions were taken by the standing committee of the National People's Congress, China's rubber-stamp parliament, at the conclusion of a six-day meeting, according to Xinhua news agency. The widening of existing exceptions to the one- policy will allow couples where either parent has no siblings to have two , reforming the strict family planning policy imposed more than three decades ago to prevent overpopulation in the world's most populous nation. The abolition of re-education through labour, known as "laojiao", will see existing inmates freed, Xinhua said. "Their remaining terms will not be enforced any more," it quoted the NPC resolution as saying. China argues its one- limit kept population growth in check and supported the country's rapid development that has seen it soar from mass poverty to become the world's second-largest economy. But enforcement of the policy has at times been excessive. The public was outraged last year when photos circulated online of a woman forced to abort her baby seven months into her pregnancy. Now China faces looming demographic challenges, including a rapidly increasing elderly population, a shrinking labour force and male-female imbalances. China's sex ratio has risen to 115 boys for every 100 girls, while the working population began to drop last year, Xinhua said earlier. The birth rate has fallen to about 1.5 since the 1990s, well below the replacement rate, it added. While the easing of the one- policy -- estimated to apply to around 10 million couples -- has been welcomed, critics say that the state has retained the principle of deciding itself how many people should have. Provincial congresses and their standing committees will decide on implementing the new policy "based on evaluation of local demographic situation and in line with the law on population and family planning as well as this resolution," Xinhua said, citing the resolution document. The one- policy reforms are expected to come into force in the first quarter of 2014, according to a senior official from the National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xinhua reported last week. A dark chapter in China's recent past The approval to end the labour camps, introduced more than half a century ago, closes the curtain on a dark aspect of the country's modern history long criticised by human rights groups and which Chinese authorities admit is no longer viable. China began re-education through labour in 1957 as a speedy way to handle petty offenders. But the system -- which allows a police panel to issue sentences of up to four years without trial -- soon became rife with abuse. State media have cited the development of China's legal system as making the camps "superfluous", with their "historical mission" having come to an end. A UN report published in 2009 estimated that 190,000 people were held in the camps. But activists played down the significance of the labour camp system's abolition, pointing out that under Chinese law the authorities can still detain suspects for lengthy periods without a trial. "Almost all the people I know who were staying at the camps have been released, starting from early this year," Zhao Guangjun, a former laojiao inmate and political activist based in Liaoning province, told AFP. "Even if the labour camp system has been abolished, the government could still punish people by making them to stay longer in detention centres," added Zhao, who took part anti-laojiao protests in Beijing in March. Earlier this month Amnesty International also warned that the closure of the labour camps amounted to little more than cosmetic change given that arbitrary detention will persist in unofficial "black jails", drug rehabilitation centres and other facilities. The decisions came just days after the standing committee had expressed support for them and following promises by the ruling Communist Party at its Third Plenum meeting last month. Legislative approval was formally required to put them into effect. The Third Plenum meeting has historically been an occasion for the ruling party to expand reforms, and was the first such gathering since Xi Jinping took over as head of the party in November last year as part of a once-a-decade power handover. The party also pledged at the meeting to reduce the scope of the death penalty "step by step" -- China is the world's biggest judicial executioner -- accelerate reforms to the household registration system and loosen controls on the economy by giving markets a "decisive" role in the allocation of resources. Beijing (AFP) |
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Thank you, I'm working on my recovery.... 
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Over time, as the birth rate continues to spiral into questionable levels, something will have to change... how fast or slow the change is, I could not know. Income disparity may well have impacts on many that are unforeseen at the current times, but again, things may take a variety of pathway in how life unfolds, until the monetary matters may become a big element of concerns, because China's system was never designed for bourgeoisie driven governmental ideologies. China does understand the governmental system can and do control what is money and what money becomes within any nation, therefore at present China controls its Currency valuation by internal mechanisms and not by Western based Currency floats. Think of Cuba, When Castro took over, the whole of the monetary system was changed. Those who had wealth no longer had wealth in the terms they had before. Many fled,.. some taking wealth before he had major currency reforms put in place. "After taking power, Castro abolished legal discrimination, brought electricity to the countryside, provided for full employment and advanced the causes of education and health care, in part by building new schools and medical facilities. But he also closed down opposition newspapers, jailed thousands of political opponents and made no move toward elections. Moreover, he limited the amount of land a person could own, abolished private business and presided over housing and consumer goods shortages." Then look at the Peoples Republic of China. The systems was not set to base themselves on the inequities of Western Style ( European and American) Capitalism. Neither system felt that Capitalism would be a supporter of the people above the pursuits of Capitalistic agenda. Much of what developed in China's socialist program of Communistic Progam,over the years as it used mostly only a segment of Marxist-Lennist as a "tool" of help shape and control its Market socialism of economic and industrial growth. . The People's Republic of China has emerged as a Unique and Different Model of socialism/ communism. Underlying it still includes in its aims; the liberation of women, and the emancipation of the individual from alienating work, and therefore freedom from having to perform such labor to receive access to the material necessities for life. It is argued that freedom from necessity would maximize individual liberty, as individuals would be able to pursue their own interests and develop their own talents while performing labor by free in a system where Industrial employment was expanding. The stage of economic development in which this is possible is contingent upon advances in the productive capabilities of society. These aims have not departed from the People Republic of China's Ideology. In the past 30 yrs or so, China has used the Capitalist system to build and expand its infrastructure, improve its cultural developments and rebuild many aspects of its landscape. We see that in the massive projects that China has undertaken and completed. Today, China has Bridges, Building and Infrastructure projects that put to shame many of the antiquated system of both Europe and America as people support public transportation systems,it continues to pursue improving its educational aims, and it seeks to continue to transform many from the drudgery of rural life challenges into a system where the people, as individuals would be able to pursue their own interests and develop their own talents while only performing labor by free will without external coercion. This is within the facility aims to provide and promote opportunity by building its Industrial system to produce and provide the things the people need, by the invested efforts of the people. This system has sustained itself, and prospered over the past 30 plus years even with the responsibility of its vast population which is 4 times that of the US. China has (19.2 % ) of world's population) and, it has progressed tremendously even with the responsibility of it's (19.2 % ) of world's population) Vs [ United States (4.5 % ) / Eastern Europe (7.2% ) / Rest of Europe (3.3% ). ] While we conversely see infrastructure deterioration and industrial decline in the United States with its (4.5 % ) of global population / Eastern Europe (7.2% ) of global population / Rest of Europe (3.3% ).of global population. all of whom are facing economic development issues, political controversies, capitalistic imbalances between the wealthy and the poor, aged and UN-redeveloped infrastructure, along with many other deficiencies, We have not one High Speed Rail on the Continent of America, Europe has developed this, but in America we are more than a decade plus from developing this type of public support transportation systems. These list can go on into discussion of many variables of differences. Currently, China has enjoined Africa (15.2% ) of global population; in widespread co-op development and resource mining and infrastructure projects. Therefore with, the overall increase in global population between 1960 and 2012 can be largely attributed to growth in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Asia accounted for the majority of the world’s population (just over 60 % in 2012) , still it has emerged as a powerful nation which has used its wealth increase within its borders for internal development and outreach to build co-op development with Africa (15.2% ). this relation can only grow.... over time. ____________________________ an interesting article, I found was: return2source.wordpress.com/2011/05/20/china-market-socialism-a-question-of-state-revolution/ China & Market Socialism: A Question of State & Revolution
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